Foot Landmark Detection with Structure - 25.18
Title:
Foot Landmark Detection with Structure
Authors:
Jane MULLIGAN, Kazi MIFTAHUL HOQUE, Anton TOKAR, Dmitry GLADYSHEV, Paulo E. X. SILVEIRA
Structure, Boulder, CO, USA
Keywords:
foot anthropometrics, anatomic landmarks, metatarsals, orthotics
Abstract:
Characterization and measurement of foot shape is an important tool in the design and customization of shoes and orthotics. Advances in 3D scanning technology provide the opportunity to automate and improve the accuracy and objectivity of these assessments, as well as support a streamlined manufacturing process by moving easily from 3D model to 3D printer. The Structure SDK provides robust and accurate 3D mesh reconstruction using iPhone TrueDepth, LiDAR, or Structure Sensor devices. In addition, Structure apps provide markerless foot anthropometrics analysis to identify landmarks and metrics on the mesh, including length, width, girth, anterior transverse, lateral and medial arch lengths, and arch height of the foot. To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of our automated foot shape analysis, we first established ground truth measurements for a realistic model foot, then acquired repeated Structure 3DFootScan app scans and metrics for the model. The process was repeated for each of 6 Apple TrueDepth devices (iPhones and iPads) and all three generations of the Structure Sensor. The resulting measurements were analyzed with respect to the reference data to quantify the performance of the system.
Full paper:
Note:
This paper is currently under review for publication in the 3DBDOY.TECH Journal - Vol. 2, 2025 (jrnl.3dbody.tech).
It will be updated also in this page once the review process is concluded.
Presentation:
VIDEO will be available here in Q3.2026.
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How to Cite (MLA):
J. Mulligan et al., "Foot Landmark Detection with Structure", Proceedings of 3DBODY.TECH 2025 - 16th International Conference and Expo on 3D/4D Body Scanning, Data and Processing Technologies, Lugano, Switzerland, 21-22 Oct. 2025, #18, https://doi.org/10.15221/25.18
Details:
Proceedings: 3DBODY.TECH 2025, 21-22 Oct. 2025, Lugano, Switzerland
Paper/Presentation: #18
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15221/25.18
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